![]() ![]() ![]() The most suitable protocol for sampling, storage and processing is using a sterile 50 mL centrifuge tube. All samples were analyzed for cortisol using a commercially available immunosorbent assay. Hence, three different blow collection devices were tested on harbor porpoises. So far, strandings and live captures have been the only method to obtain samples from free-ranging individuals, and novel, non-invasive monitoring methods are desirable for this small cetacean species. As the only native cetacean in Germany, harbor porpoises ( Phocoena phocoena) are of special conservation concern and research interest. Especially the detection of steroid hormones, such as cortisol, is being investigated as stress indicators in several species. ![]() In cetaceans, exhaled breath condensate (blow)-a mixture of cells, mucus and fluids expelled through the force of a whale’s exhale-is a unique sampling matrix for hormones, bacteria and genetic material, among others. The progress of animal welfare in wildlife conservation and research calls for more non-invasive sampling techniques. ![]()
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